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Lộ Trình Kotlin Developer 2026

Lộ trình học Kotlin chi tiết nhất 2026 với Android Development, Jetpack Compose, Kotlin Coroutines, Kotlin Multiplatform. Checklist từng bước, mức lương, cơ hội việc làm và resources miễn phí.

Lộ Trình Chi Tiết 12-15 Tháng

Roadmap được chia thành 6 giai đoạn rõ ràng, từ Kotlin Basics đến Kotlin Multiplatform

1
Tháng 1-2: Kotlin Language Fundamentals

Mục tiêu: Thành thạo Kotlin 2.0 basics

Kotlin Basics (4 tuần):

  • Variables - val (immutable), var (mutable), type inference
  • Data Types - Int, Long, Double, String, Boolean, Char
  • Null Safety - Nullable types (?), Safe calls (?.), Elvis operator (?:)
  • Control Flow - if/else expressions, when (switch), for, while
  • Functions - fun, parameters, default values, named arguments

Kotlin OOP (4 tuần):

  • Classes - Primary constructor, init block, properties
  • Data Classes - data class, copy(), equals(), hashCode()
  • Sealed Classes - Restricted class hierarchies
  • Object & Companion - Singleton, companion object, factory
  • Inheritance - open, override, abstract, interfaces

Kotlin Functional (2 tuần):

  • Lambdas - Lambda expressions, Higher-order functions
  • Collections - List, Set, Map, MutableList
  • Collection Operations - filter, map, reduce, fold, groupBy
  • Scope Functions - let, apply, run, also, with
  • Extension Functions - Extend existing classes

Dự án thực hành:

  • • Console app: Calculator, Todo List
  • • Collections practice: Data filtering, transformation
  • • OOP project: Library Management System
2
Tháng 3-4: Android Development Basics

Mục tiêu: Android fundamentals với Kotlin

Android Studio & Setup (1 tuần):

  • Android Studio - Installation, Configuration, SDK Manager
  • Gradle - Build system, Dependencies, Plugins
  • Emulator - AVD Manager, Device testing
  • Project Structure - app/, manifests, java, res

Android Components (4 tuần):

  • Activities - Lifecycle (onCreate, onStart, onResume, onPause, onStop, onDestroy)
  • Fragments - Fragment lifecycle, FragmentManager, Transactions
  • Intents - Explicit, Implicit intents, Intent filters
  • Services - Background services, Foreground services
  • Broadcast Receivers - System broadcasts, Custom broadcasts

XML Layouts (3 tuần):

  • Views - TextView, Button, ImageView, EditText
  • ViewGroups - LinearLayout, ConstraintLayout, FrameLayout
  • RecyclerView - Adapter, ViewHolder, LayoutManager
  • Resources - strings.xml, colors.xml, dimens.xml, themes

Dự án thực hành:

  • • Simple Calculator app
  • • Todo List app với RecyclerView
  • • Multi-screen app với Navigation
3
Tháng 5-6: Jetpack Compose (Modern UI)

Mục tiêu: Master Jetpack Compose - Modern Android UI toolkit

Compose Basics (4 tuần):

  • @Composable - Composable functions, Recomposition
  • Basic Composables - Text, Button, Image, TextField
  • Layouts - Column, Row, Box, Spacer
  • Modifiers - padding, size, background, clickable, fillMaxWidth
  • Lists - LazyColumn, LazyRow, LazyGrid, items()

State Management (4 tuần):

  • State - remember, mutableStateOf, State hoisting
  • Side Effects - LaunchedEffect, DisposableEffect, SideEffect
  • ViewModel Integration - viewModel(), collectAsState()
  • Navigation - NavController, NavHost, composable routes
  • Material Design 3 - MaterialTheme, Colors, Typography

Advanced Compose (2 tuần):

  • Animations - animateContentSize, AnimatedVisibility, Crossfade
  • Custom Layouts - Layout composable, Constraints
  • Gestures - clickable, draggable, swipeable

Dự án thực hành:

  • • Rebuild previous apps với Jetpack Compose
  • • Notes app với Material Design 3
  • • Multi-screen app với Navigation Compose
4
Tháng 7-8: Coroutines & Architecture

Mục tiêu: Master async programming và MVVM architecture

Kotlin Coroutines (4 tuần):

  • Basics - suspend functions, launch, async, await
  • Coroutine Scopes - CoroutineScope, viewModelScope, lifecycleScope
  • Dispatchers - Main, IO, Default, Unconfined
  • Exception Handling - try/catch, CoroutineExceptionHandler
  • Cancellation - Job, cancel(), isActive

Kotlin Flow (4 tuần):

  • Flow Basics - flow builder, emit, collect
  • StateFlow - Hot flow, UI state management
  • SharedFlow - Events, One-time actions
  • Operators - map, filter, flatMapLatest, combine, zip
  • Flow in Compose - collectAsState(), collectAsStateWithLifecycle()

Architecture Components (2 tuần):

  • ViewModel - Lifecycle-aware, SavedStateHandle
  • MVVM Pattern - Model-View-ViewModel separation
  • Repository Pattern - Single source of truth

Dự án thực hành:

  • • Weather app với API calls (Coroutines + Flow)
  • • Real-time data updates với StateFlow
  • • MVVM architecture implementation
5
Tháng 9-11: Networking, DI & Data

Mục tiêu: API integration, Dependency Injection, Local storage

Networking (4 tuần):

  • Retrofit - REST API calls, @GET, @POST, @PUT, @DELETE
  • OkHttp - Interceptors, Logging, Caching
  • Kotlinx Serialization - JSON parsing (recommended 2026)
  • Ktor Client - Kotlin-first HTTP client (alternative)
  • Image Loading - Coil (Kotlin-first), Glide

Dependency Injection (4 tuần):

  • Hilt - @HiltAndroidApp, @Inject, @Module, @Provides
  • Scopes - @Singleton, @ActivityScoped, @ViewModelScoped
  • Koin - Lightweight DI (alternative to Hilt)
  • Testing with DI - @HiltAndroidTest, TestModule

Local Data Storage (4 tuần):

  • Room Database - @Entity, @Dao, @Database, Migrations
  • DataStore - Preferences DataStore, Proto DataStore
  • Offline-first - Caching strategies, NetworkBoundResource
  • Paging 3 - Pagination, RemoteMediator

Dự án thực hành:

  • • Movie app với TMDB API (Retrofit + Hilt)
  • • News app với pagination (Paging 3)
  • • Offline-first app với Room + Retrofit
6
Tháng 12-15: Testing, Advanced & Kotlin Multiplatform

Mục tiêu: Testing, Clean Architecture, KMP

Testing (4 tuần):

  • Unit Tests - JUnit 5, MockK, Truth assertions
  • Coroutines Testing - runTest, TestDispatcher
  • UI Tests - Compose Testing, createComposeRule
  • Integration Tests - Room testing, Retrofit MockWebServer
  • E2E Tests - Espresso, UI Automator

Clean Architecture (4 tuần):

  • Layers - Presentation, Domain, Data layers
  • Use Cases - Business logic encapsulation
  • Dependency Rule - Inner layers don't know outer layers
  • Multi-module - Feature modules, Core modules

Kotlin Multiplatform (4 tuần):

  • KMP Basics - expect/actual, commonMain, androidMain, iosMain
  • Shared Code - Business logic, Data models, Networking
  • Compose Multiplatform - Shared UI (Android, iOS, Desktop)
  • KMP Libraries - Ktor, SQLDelight, Koin

Advanced Topics (4 tuần):

  • Performance - Memory leaks, Profiling, Baseline Profiles
  • Security - ProGuard/R8, Encryption, Keystore
  • CI/CD - GitHub Actions, Fastlane, Firebase App Distribution
  • Play Store - Publishing, App signing, Store listing

Dự án thực hành:

  • • Write unit tests cho ViewModel và Repository
  • • Clean Architecture implementation
  • • KMP app với shared business logic
  • • Publish app lên Google Play Store

📚 Resources Học Miễn Phí 100%

Kotlin & Android Official
  • roadmap.sh/android - Android Developer Roadmap
  • kotlinlang.org - Official Kotlin documentation
  • developer.android.com - Official Android docs
  • Kotlin Koans - Interactive Kotlin exercises
  • Android Codelabs - Hands-on tutorials
YouTube Channels
  • Philipp Lackner - Modern Android Development
  • Android Developers - Official Google channel
  • Stevdza-San - Jetpack Compose tutorials
  • CodingWithMitch - Clean Architecture, MVVM
  • freeCodeCamp - Kotlin Full Course
Jetpack Compose
  • Compose Documentation - Official Compose docs
  • Compose Samples - GitHub sample projects
  • Compose Pathway - Google learning pathway
  • Now in Android - Official sample app
  • Accompanist - Compose utility libraries
Practice & Community
  • Exercism Kotlin - Practice với mentorship
  • LeetCode - Coding problems (Kotlin)
  • r/androiddev - Reddit community
  • Kotlin Slack - Official Kotlin community
  • GitHub - Contribute to Android open source

💼 Thị Trường Việc Làm Kotlin Developer 2026

Mức Lương Theo Level

Intern

Đang học/mới ra trường

5-10 triệu

Junior Android Dev

0-1 năm kinh nghiệm

12-25 triệu

Mid Android Dev

1-3 năm kinh nghiệm

25-50 triệu

Senior Android Dev

3-5 năm kinh nghiệm

50-90 triệu

Lead/Principal

5+ năm kinh nghiệm

90-150 triệu

Remote (Nước ngoài)

2+ năm kinh nghiệm

$2,500-7,000/tháng
Skills Hot Nhất 2026
Jetpack Compose🔥 Hot nhất
Kotlin Coroutines & FlowRất cao
MVVM / Clean ArchitectureRất cao
Hilt / DaggerCao
Room + RetrofitCao
Unit Testing (MockK)Cao
Kotlin MultiplatformĐang tăng

Vị Trí Công Việc Phổ Biến

Android Developer

Phổ biến nhất, 70% jobs

15-60 triệu

Senior Android Dev

Lead team, architecture

50-100 triệu

KMP Developer

Cross-platform, đang tăng

40-90 triệu

Mobile Tech Lead

Lead Android team

70-130 triệu

Android Architect

System design, standards

80-150 triệu

Kotlin Backend Dev

Ktor, Spring Boot

30-80 triệu

🏢 Công Ty Tuyển Nhiều
  • Tech Giants - VNG, FPT, Viettel, VNPAY
  • Fintech - MoMo, ZaloPay, Timo, VNPay
  • E-commerce - Shopee, Lazada, Tiki, Sendo
  • Ride-hailing - Grab, Be, Gojek
  • Outsourcing - NAL, NashTech, KMS, TMA
🚀 Startups & Remote
  • VN Startups - Lương competitive, equity
  • Singapore - Remote $3000-6000/tháng
  • US/EU Remote - $4000-8000/tháng
  • Freelance - Upwork, Toptal ($30-80/h)
  • Product Companies - Better WLB, stock options
📈 Lộ Trình Thăng Tiến
Intern→Junior Android→Mid Android→Senior Android→Tech Lead→Mobile Architect

Hoặc chuyển sang: KMP Developer → Full-stack Mobile → Engineering Manager

Câu Hỏi Thường Gặp

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