Lộ Trình C# Developer 2026

C# Basics (4 tuần):

• Variables & Types: int, string, bool, var, dynamic, record types
• Control Flow: if/else, switch expressions, pattern matching (C# 13)
• Loops: for, foreach, while, do-while, LINQ queries
• OOP: Classes, Objects, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Interfaces, Abstract classes
• Collections: List<T>, Dictionary<K,V>, HashSet<T>, Arrays, Collection expressions
• Exception Handling: try/catch/finally, custom exceptions, throw expressions
• Delegates & Events: Action, Func, Predicate, Lambda expressions
• LINQ: Query syntax, Method syntax, Deferred execution

.NET 9 & CLI (2 tuần):

• .NET CLI: dotnet new, build, run, publish, test commands
• Project Structure: .csproj files, NuGet packages, dependencies
• Async/Await: Task, Task<T>, async methods, ConfigureAwait
• Nullable Reference Types: ?, null-forgiving operator (!)

General Development Skills (2 tuần):

• Git: clone, commit, push, pull, branch, merge, rebase
• GitHub/GitLab: Pull requests, Issues, Actions basics
• HTTP/HTTPS: Request/Response, Methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), Status codes
• Data Structures: Arrays, Lists, Stacks, Queues, Trees, Hash Tables

ASP.NET Core Basics (4 tuần):

• MVC Pattern: Controllers, Views, Models, Routing, Action Results
• Minimal APIs: MapGet, MapPost, MapPut, MapDelete (C# 13 style)
• REST Principles: HTTP methods, Status codes, RESTful design
• Razor Pages: Page models, Handlers, Tag helpers
• Razor Components: Component-based UI, Blazor basics

Core Concepts (4 tuần):

• Dependency Injection: Services, Scopes (Singleton, Scoped, Transient)
• Middleware: Request pipeline, Custom middleware, UseRouting, UseEndpoints
• Filters & Attributes: Action filters, Authorization filters, Exception filters
• Configuration: appsettings.json, Environment variables, Options pattern
• Validation: Data Annotations, FluentValidation, Model binding
• StyleCop Rules: Code style, Analyzers, EditorConfig

Database Fundamentals (3 tuần):

• SQL Basics: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, WHERE, ORDER BY
• Joins: INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN
• Database Design: Normalization, Primary keys, Foreign keys, Indexes
• Constraints: NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, DEFAULT
• Stored Procedures: CREATE PROCEDURE, Parameters, Return values
• Triggers: AFTER INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE triggers

Entity Framework Core 9 (3 tuần):

• Framework Basics: DbContext, DbSet, Connection strings
• Code First + Migrations: Add-Migration, Update-Database, Fluent API
• LINQ to Entities: Where, Select, Include, OrderBy, GroupBy
• Relationships: One-to-One, One-to-Many, Many-to-Many
• Loading Strategies: Lazy Loading, Eager Loading (Include), Explicit Loading
• Change Tracker API: Entity states, DetectChanges, AsNoTracking

Alternative ORMs (2 tuần - Optional):

• Dapper: Micro ORM, Raw SQL queries, High performance
• RepoDB: Hybrid ORM, Bulk operations
• Repository Pattern: Generic Repository, Unit of Work

Databases (Nên biết):

Authentication & Security (3 tuần):

• ASP.NET Identity: User management, Roles, Claims, Password hashing
• JWT Authentication: Token generation, Validation, Refresh tokens
• OAuth 2.0 & OpenID Connect: Google, Facebook, Microsoft login
• Authorization: Policy-based, Role-based, Claims-based
• Security Best Practices: HTTPS, CORS, XSS, CSRF protection, Rate limiting

Caching & Performance (2 tuần):

• Memory Cache: IMemoryCache, Response caching, Output caching
• Distributed Cache: Redis, SQL Server cache
• Redis: String, Hash, List, Set operations, Pub/Sub
• EF 2nd Level Cache: Query result caching
• Performance: Async/await, Task Parallel Library, Span<T>

Real-time & Background Jobs (3 tuần):

• SignalR Core: Hubs, Real-time communication, WebSockets
• Web Sockets: Bidirectional communication
• Hangfire: Background job processing, Recurring jobs, Delayed jobs
• Quartz.NET: Advanced scheduling, Cron expressions
• Native Background Service: IHostedService, BackgroundService

Testing (4 tuần):

• Unit Testing Frameworks: xUnit (recommended), NUnit, MSTest
• xUnit: Facts, Theories, Test fixtures, Collection fixtures
• Mocking: Moq, NSubstitute, FakeItEasy
• Assertions: Shouldly, FluentAssertions
• Fake Data: AutoFixture, Bogus
• Integration Testing: WebApplicationFactory, TestServer, Test Containers
• E2E Testing: Playwright, Puppeteer, Cypress
• Behavior Testing: SpecFlow, LightBDD
• TDD: Test-Driven Development practices, Red-Green-Refactor

Logging & Monitoring (2 tuần):

• Log Frameworks: Serilog (recommended), NLog
• Serilog: Structured logging, Sinks (Console, File, Seq, Elasticsearch)
• Application Insights: Azure monitoring, Telemetry
• Health Checks: Database, Redis, External APIs

Docker & CI/CD (2 tuần):

• Containerization: Docker basics, Images, Containers
• Docker: Dockerfile, Multi-stage builds, Docker Compose
• Kubernetes: Pods, Services, Deployments (basics)
• CI/CD: GitHub Actions, Azure DevOps Pipelines, GitLab CI/CD
• Build Automation: Nuke build system

Microservices Architecture (3 tuần):

• Architecture Patterns: Monolith vs Microservices, Service boundaries
• API Gateway: Ocelot, YARP (Yet Another Reverse Proxy)
• Service Discovery: Consul, Eureka
• .NET Aspire: Cloud-native app development, Service defaults
• Dapr: Distributed Application Runtime, Building blocks
• Orleans: Virtual actors, Distributed systems

API Communication (2 tuần):

• REST: RESTful APIs, Gridlify (filtering), OData
• gRPC: Protocol Buffers, Service-to-service communication, Streaming
• GraphQL: HotChocolate, GraphQL .NET, Queries, Mutations
• Object Mapping: AutoMapper, Mapperly, Manual mapping

Message Brokers (3 tuần):

• RabbitMQ: Exchanges, Queues, Bindings, Pub/Sub
• Apache Kafka: Topics, Producers, Consumers, Partitions
• Azure Service Bus: Queues, Topics, Subscriptions
• Message Bus: MassTransit (recommended), NServiceBus, EasyNetQ
• Patterns: Saga pattern, Event sourcing, CQRS

Azure Cloud Services (3 tuần):

• Azure App Service: Deploy web apps, Scaling, Deployment slots
• Azure SQL Database: Managed database, Elastic pools, Geo-replication
• Azure Storage: Blob storage, Queue storage, Table storage
• Azure Functions: Serverless computing, Triggers, Bindings
• Azure Key Vault: Secrets management, Certificates
• Cosmos DB: NoSQL database, Global distribution

Search Engines (1 tuần):

• Elasticsearch: Full-text search, Indexing, Queries
• Solr: Apache Solr search platform
• Azure Cognitive Search: AI-powered search

Software Design & Architecture (3 tuần):

• SOLID Principles: Single Responsibility, Open/Closed, Liskov, Interface Segregation, Dependency Inversion
• Design Patterns: Repository, Factory, Strategy, Observer, Decorator, CQRS
• Clean Architecture: Layers, Dependencies, Domain-driven design
• DDD: Entities, Value Objects, Aggregates, Domain Events

Good-to-Know Libraries (2 tuần):

• MediatR: CQRS, Mediator pattern, Request/Response
• FluentValidation: Validation rules, Complex validations
• Polly: Resilience, Retry policies, Circuit breaker, Timeout
• Marten: Event sourcing, Document database
• Benchmark.NET: Performance benchmarking
• Scalar: Modern API documentation (Swagger alternative)

Client-Side .NET (1 tuần - Optional):

• Blazor: WebAssembly, Server, Hybrid, Components
• .NET MAUI: Cross-platform mobile/desktop apps
• Template Engines: Razor, Scriban, Fluid

Portfolio Projects (Cần 3-5 projects):

• Project 1: Clean Architecture API với CQRS + MediatR (Blog, Social media)
• Project 2: E-commerce API với payment integration (Stripe/PayPal)
• Project 3: Real-time app với SignalR (Chat, Notifications, Live dashboard)
• Project 4: Microservices với Docker + Kubernetes (optional)
• Project 5: Blazor WebAssembly app (optional)

GitHub Profile Requirements:

• Clean code, SOLID principles, Design patterns
• Comprehensive README với architecture diagrams, setup instructions
• Unit tests (70%+ coverage), Integration tests
• Docker support, CI/CD pipeline
• Deployed to Azure (live demo links)

Interview Preparation:

• LeetCode: 50-100 Easy-Medium problems (C#)
• System Design: Scalability, Load balancing, Caching, Microservices
• C# Concepts: LINQ, async/await, delegates, generics, reflection
• ASP.NET Core: Middleware, DI, EF Core, Authentication